Answer: YES. Let's look into each of them.
1. You shall have no other gods before me.
While yes, this means things like not worshipping other gods such as Buddha or Allah...perhaps in a more modern sense, this could mean money, sex, food, work. Do not put money at a higher importance than God. Do not even put your spouse before God. God first.
2. You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God.
Personally, this drives me crazy! I am so tired of hearing people around me say "God da***t"(you can fill in the blanks) Listen to yourself. What does this even mean? Are you somehow giving God permission to damn something? Say what you want in frustration, but keep God's name out of it.
3. Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.
Concept: Actually consciously making the decision to go to church on Sunday and not claiming "I'm just so busy!" We make time for the things we want to make time for. Period.
4. Honor your father and mother.
This is harder for some people than others. Thankfully, my parents are the best people in my life. But for some, they did not grow up with the love from their parents they needed. No matter the case, do your best to honor and respect them. After all, they chose life for you, so at least credit them for that.
5. You shall not murder.
It's easy to think that this is the easiest commandment. Don't kill other people? Got it! But is that really all that this is? What about when you insult or make digs at your friend? Aren't you killing a bit of their confidence? When you sneak that comment in to make someone feel less than they are, aren't you harming them?
6.You shall not commit adultery.
Yikes...does this mean what I think it means? YES. We are created for one another, and sex should be a natural and beautiful act. But it's also something that God created with marriage in mind. So strive to respect others bodies as well as your own.
7. You shall not steal.
In my opinion, this is pretty straightforward. Don't steal others objects, ideas, time, etc, you get it.
8. You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
Wait what does this even mean? GOSSIP. Spreading lies or gossiping about others is not what we were created to do. We were created to love and by doing these things, we are not loving others as we are meant to.
9. You shall not covet your neighbor's spouse.
Simply put: be faithful to your partner. Do not seek out another to get pleasure.
10. You shall not covet your neighbor's goods.
This can be very difficult, especially in today's modern society when we have a mantra of "money and materialism are what will bring us infinite happiness" (hate to burst anyone's bubble but these things will not bring you eternal joy yikes).
So as you can hopefully see, the 10 Commandments certainly are not outdated. These were created for a reason...to protect us and help us to better see what God has created for us.
Honestly, what they are all getting at is love. By obeying these, we are able to beautifully love God and others. But if you do break one or a few...we luckily have a merciful God. Go to Him and let Him make something beautiful out of you.