Having been to the doctor way more than most people, I've picked up a few tips. These are things I always do with all of my doctors that I totally recommend everyone else do too!
Write out a timeline before your appointment
When you're being seen for a problem, they always ask about when certain issues began, which can be difficult to answer when you don't already have it written out. Personally, I tend to forget important things if I don't write about them in advance.
Write down health questions you have whenever they come up
I have a list of questions to ask the doctor when I have my next visit. Sometimes something happens suddenly, like a bad headache, and other times there's a chronic issue, but, either way, the more details you have and the more questions you can ask the doctor, your chance of being treated in the way you might need improves.
Do your own research
Your doctor isn't you. Their opinion is much more educated than yours, but you can't 100% trust them to know what's best for you all the time. For me, I trusted my doctor that birth control wouldn't cause me health issues, despite my personal research saying otherwise. However, it did cause me major health issues, and I really wish I'd chosen to trust my own research over the trusting the doctor, who I only saw once, who obviously didn't know my entire medical history.
Take notes during your appointment
Sometimes the doctor tells you a lot during the appointment, and you just can't remember to do everything unless you write it down.
Make them put test or medicine denials on your record
If you think that you need a certain blood test because you're worried about something like anemia, or Lyme's Disease, or imbalanced hormones, you have every right to have that test. Your healthcare is for you, not your doctor. If they turn you down, all you have to do to get them to change their mind (normally) is ask them to put it on the record that they chose to deny you the specific test that you requested. When they do this, if it turns out that you did need that test, they become liable and could be sued and lose their license over denying you this test, which they would not be willing to risk. The same is true for certain medicines that are given for tick bites.