Throughout my studies at university, the debate of which economic system is most efficient and morally righteous for today's society has become simultaneously both transparent and opaque at the same time, however one more important question has surfaced: is capitalism inherent in human nature? This debate revolves around the central question of greed and mankind's innate nature to promote their own selfish desires above all else. This is the intellectual bridge that connects economics with philosophy and psychology.
The biggest argument in capitalism is one of greed, or self interest. Adam Smith wrote that humans are inherently self-motivated and driven to focus on their own interests. A large flaw of Marx's Kapital is that it does not account for human greed or the pursuit to work harder to gain more income above other things. The argument persists that inherently, humans are greedy and as such the true system of communism and socialism could never prosper or flourish.
However, several psychological studies and economic analyses show that there are two conflicting natures humans tend to exhibit: one to promote self-interest and one to promote a genuine care for one another. A previous writer, David Graeber, in his book titled Debt, noted that humans inherent possess an innate intrinsic value to help one another that he calls everyday communism. He expresses this by analyzing how different humans treat one another. His biggest example is that of insults. In this regard, an insult is so offensive for the sole reason that humans do not conduct themselves in an offensive or neutral way, but rather in one that is more polite and subtle. He also notes our relationships to family and close friends in which we are constantly indebted to but do not think about repaying this debt, and vice versa as we contribute to others' welfare without regard for our own self-interest. In as much as humans are concentrated on increasing their wealth and producing more innovation to lead a more successful life, they are also governed by the innate human tendencies to try and care for one another, assuming we are dealing with sane persons.
It is for this reason that individuals act so "irrationally" when it comes to analyzing markets and market behavior as to why humans do not always maximize benefits and minimize costs. This is also why behavioral economics is so interesting.
However, the fundamental point is that there are two conflicting notions of morality and success between humans and their social relationships. It is for this reason that there has been such a struggle between the aspects of communism and capitalism. Inherently we are all prone to promoting self-wealth, however not to the point where this innate urge overpowers other values to help and assist one another.